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Russian Fortress Chess started by 1772. Catherine the Great (1729-1796) sponsor of Euler. Andre Danican Philidor (1726-1795) chessplayer. Ben Franklin (1706-1790) author 'Morals of Chess'. King Gustav III of Sweden (1746-1792), maker of 68-square board. Wolfgang von Kempelen (1734-1804), constructor of chess-playing automaton The Turk in 1769. Napoleon (1769-1821) played against the Turk before exile. Turkish Great Chesses are also 18th century. Aaron Alexandre (1765-1850) inventor of what they now call FRC. [ Marie Antoinette (1755-1793); Goethe (1749-1832); Bolivar (1783-1830) ]